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Lena
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=> IN THIS ISSUE!
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==> Editors' Ranting & or Warnings
==> Something To Think About
==> Thought for the day!
==> Showcase Health Spotlight
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==> Today's Health Tip
==> Health Today
==> Environmental Report
==> Life Changing Information
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This week's "Food of the Week" is a healthy food that
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==================================
Something To Think About
============================
Pressure rises to stop antibiotics
in agriculture
Dec 29, 2009
By MARGIE MASON AND MARTHA MENDOZA
FRANKENSTEIN, Mo. (AP) - The mystery started the day farmer Russ Kremer
got between a jealous boar and a sow in heat.
The boar gored Kremer in the knee with a razor-sharp tusk. The burly pig
farmer shrugged it off, figuring: "You pour the blood out of your boot
and go on."
But Kremer's red-hot leg ballooned to double its size. A strep infection
spread, threatening his life and baffling doctors. Two months of
multiple antibiotics did virtually nothing.
The answer was flowing in the veins of the boar. The animal had been fed
low doses of penicillin, spawning a strain of strep that was resistant
to other antibiotics. That drug-resistant germ passed to Kremer.
Like Kremer, more and more Americans - many of them living far from
barns and pastures - are at risk from the widespread practice of feeding
livestock antibiotics. These animals grow faster, but they can also
develop drug-resistant infections that are passed on to people. The
issue is now gaining attention because of interest from a new White
House administration and a flurry of new research tying antibiotic use
in animals to drug resistance in people.
Researchers say the overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals has led
to a plague of drug-resistant infections that killed more than 65,000
people in the U.S. last year - more than prostate and breast cancer
combined. And in a nation that used about 35 million pounds of
antibiotics last year, 70 percent of the drugs went to pigs, chickens
and cows. Worldwide, it's 50 percent.
"This is a living breathing problem, it's the big bad wolf and it's
knocking at our door," said Dr. Vance Fowler, an infectious disease
specialist at Duke University. "It's here. It's arrived."
The rise in the use of antibiotics is part of a growing problem of
soaring drug resistance worldwide, The Associated Press found in a
six-month look at the issue. As a result, killer diseases like malaria,
tuberculosis and staph are resurging in new and more deadly forms.
In response, the pressure against the use of antibiotics in agriculture
is rising. The World Health Organization concluded this year that
surging antibiotic resistance is one of the leading threats to human
health, and the White House last month said the problem is "urgent."
"If we're not careful with antibiotics and the programs to administer
them, we're going to be in a post antibiotic era," said Dr. Thomas
Frieden, who was tapped to lead the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention this year.
Also this year, the three federal agencies tasked with protecting public
health - the Food and Drug Administration, CDC and U.S. Department of
Agriculture - declared drug-resistant diseases stemming from antibiotic
use in animals a "serious emerging concern." And FDA deputy commissioner
Dr. Joshua Sharfstein told Congress this summer that farmers need to
stop feeding antibiotics to healthy farm animals.
Farm groups and pharmaceutical companies argue that drugs keep animals
healthy and meat costs low, and have defeated a series of proposed
limits on their use.
America's farmers give their pigs, cows and chickens about 8 percent
more antibiotics each year, usually to heal lung, skin or blood
infections. However, 13 percent of the antibiotics administered on farms
last year were fed to healthy animals to make them grow faster.
Antibiotics also save as much as 30 percent in feed costs among young
swine, although the savings fade as pigs get older, according to a new
USDA study.
However, these animals can develop germs that are immune to the
antibiotics. The germs then rub into scratches on farmworkers' arms,
causing oozing infections. They blow into neighboring communities in
dust clouds, run off into lakes and rivers during heavy rains, and are
sliced into roasts, chops and hocks and sent to our dinner tables.
"Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms generated in the guts of pigs in
the Iowa countryside don't stay on the farm," said Union of Concerned
Scientists Food and Environment director Margaret Mellon.
More than 20 percent of all human cases of a deadly drug-resistant staph
infection in the Netherlands could be traced to an animal strain,
according to a study published online in a CDC journal. Federal food
safety studies routinely find drug resistant bacteria in beef, chicken
and pork sold in supermarkets, and 20 percent of people who get
salmonella have a drug resistant strain, according to the CDC.
Here's how it happens: In the early '90s, farmers in several countries,
including the U.S., started feeding animals fluoroquinolones, a family
of antibiotics that includes drugs such as ciprofloxacin. In the
following years, the once powerful antibiotic Cipro stopped working 80
percent of the time on some of the deadliest human infections it used to
wipe out. Twelve years later, the New England Journal of Medicine
published a study linking people infected with a Cipro-resistant
bacteria to pork they had eaten.
Johns Hopkins University health sciences professor Ellen Silbergeld, who
has reviewed every major study on this issue, said there's no doubt drug
use in farm animals is a "major driver of antimicrobial resistance
worldwide."
"We have data to show it's in wastewaters and it goes to aquaculture and
it goes here and there," agreed Dr. Stuart Levy, an expert on antibiotic
resistance at Tufts University in Boston. "Antibiotic use in animals
impacts everything."
=======================
THOUGHT FOR THE DAY!
=======================
The Food and Drug Administration
still hasn't restructured its staff to better monitor drug safety, more
than three years after experts recommended key changes in the wake of
the Vioxx scandal.
That's according to congressional investigators who found that the FDA
has yet to follow through on changes suggested in 2006 to help the
agency detect problems with drugs taken by millions of Americans. Those
recommendations came after the embarrassing and dangerous episode with
Vioxx, a blockbuster pain drug the FDA approved in 1999, only to pull
from the market in 2004 after linking it to heart attack and stroke.
Agency officials have made some changes to drug oversight, according to
a Government Accountability Office report, but the FDA continues to give
the bulk of its decision-making power to scientists who approve new
drugs, rather than those who monitor the side effects of drugs on the
market.
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~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
SHOWCASE
SPOTLIGHT
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
New and latest
research indicates that brain decline has a direct effect on how quickly
you can perform even the most basic physical acts.
No matter how fit
or toned your muscles may be, if they're not getting signals from your
brain quickly, they can't act quickly. It's that simple.
For your brain cells to act quickly, they need to be well insulated with
a substance called myelin. Myelin binds to the brain cells and nerve
fibers and has a lot to do with how well electrical impulses are
carried.
According to the study's lead researcher Dr. George Bartzokis, a
neurologist from UCLA, the decline in the amount of myelin in the brain
is one of the reasons why it's hard to be a world-class athlete after
40.
Most people who have a neurological disease like Alzheimer's have a
buildup of amyloid plaque, a toxic protein that impairs the function of
your brain cells. Bartzokis reasons that, like muscle action, memory
relies on the same electrical impulses. He has done previous research
that indicates that there could be a gene that's linked to Alzheimer's
that could retard myelin repair.
But there's hope: there are some basic health
tips that will help keep your brain full of myelin. There are no
surprises here: as I'm always telling you, mind and body are
inextricably linked, so maintaining physical health keeps your mind
sharp:
1) Stay active; both physical and mental
activity can speed myelin repair.
2) Pump yourself full of omega-3 fatty acids -- they may be as
beneficial for myelin levels as they are for heart health
3) Beware of elevated stress and hormone levels, which could damage
myelin.
4) Do not take
Cholesterol Lowering Drugs, as they are known to dissolve and atrophy
the Myelin Sheath and creates a build up of amyloid plaque!
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minerals, nutrients and herbs that are reversing some brain
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build the immune system, control insulin and much, much more. Our bodies
are electrical machines, and guess what, minerals, ionic minerals
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"YOU CAN TRACE EVERY SICKNESS, EVERY DISEASE,
AND
EVERY AILMENT TO A MINERAL DEFICIENCY"
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Pauling, Ph. D (Two- time Nobel Prize winner) . The key to true health is
Balanced Absorbable Minerals! (2/25/2010)
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~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
TODAY'S HEALTH TIP
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
Solution to killer superbug found in Norway
Dec 31, 2009
By MARTHA MENDOZA and MARGIE MASON
OSLO, Norway (AP) - Aker University Hospital is a dingy place to heal. The
floors are streaked and scratched. A light layer of dust coats the blood
pressure monitors. A faint stench of urine and bleach wafts from a pile of
soiled bedsheets dropped in a corner.
Look closer, however, at a microscopic level, and this place is pristine. There
is no sign of a dangerous and contagious staph infection that killed tens of
thousands of patients in the most sophisticated hospitals of Europe, North
America and Asia this year, soaring virtually unchecked.
The reason: Norwegians stopped taking so many drugs.
Twenty-five years ago, Norwegians were also losing their lives to this bacteria.
But Norway's public health system fought back with an aggressive program that
made it the most infection-free country in the world. A key part of that program
was cutting back severely on the use of antibiotics.
Now a spate of new studies from around the world prove that Norway's model can
be replicated with extraordinary success, and public health experts are saying
these deaths - 19,000 in the U.S. each year alone, more than from AIDS - are
unnecessary.
"It's a very sad situation that in some places so many are dying from this,
because we have shown here in Norway that Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) can be controlled, and with not too much effort," said Jan Hendrik-Binder,
Oslo's MRSA medical adviser. "But you have to take it seriously, you have to
give it attention, and you must not give up."
The World Health Organization says antibiotic resistance is one of the leading
public health threats on the planet. A six-month investigation by The Associated
Press found overuse and misuse of medicines has led to mutations in once curable
diseases like tuberculosis and malaria, making them harder and in some cases
impossible to treat.
Now, in Norway's simple solution, there's a glimmer of hope.
LENA'S COMMENT: We in the Alternative truly Natural health
industry has been saying stop the drugs for years and nobody listens. You can
bet the pharmaceutical industry is going to do everything they can to bury this
information. I didn't see it on any news, did you?
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
FOOD OF THE WEEK
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sassamanesh,
ibimi, atoqua or cranberry
Known by all of the above names but a name settled on - cranberry...
As I munched on my cereal containing dried cranberries I thought it was
time I did another food of the week column featuring the fruit/berry!
The name is a berry but most consider it a fruit. You can choose which
you wish to call it.
This fruit is found on many tables throughout the winter holidays!
Cranberries are unlike any other fruit in the world. From Cape Cod to
Washington State, the cranberry has played a role in holiday culture and
family health & wellness for years. Its unique health benefits and
refreshing tart taste are put in a league of its own.
Cranberries went through a variety of different names after their
discovery. Eastern Indians called them "sassamanesh." Cape Cod Pequots
and the South Jersey Leni-Lenape tribes named them or bitter berry. The
Algonquins of Wisconsin called the fruit "atoqua." But it wasn't until
German and Dutch settlers came up with "crane berry," because the vine
blossoms resembled the neck, head and bill of a crane that we came to
the name of cranberry.

American recipes containing cranberries date from the early 18th
Century. Legend has it that the Pilgrims may have served cranberries at
the first Thanksgiving in 1621 in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
History of Cranberries
The cranberry, along with the blueberry and Concord grape, is one of
North America's three native fruits that are commercially grown.
Cranberries were first used by Native Americans, who discovered the wild
berry's versatility as a food, fabric dye and healing agent. Today,
cranberries are commercially grown throughout the northern part of the
United States and are available in both fresh and processed forms.
The name "cranberry" derives from the Pilgrim name for the fruit, "crane
berry", so called because the small, pink blossoms that appear in the
spring resemble the head and bill of a Sandhill crane. European settlers
adopted the Native American uses for the fruit and found the berry a
valuable bartering tool.
Cranberries are considered a healthy fruit. They contain no cholesterol
and virtually no fat and are low in sodium. Various cranberry products
may contain substantial levels of dietary fiber and certain vitamins, as
well as a variety of photochemical that may be beneficial to health.
Easy to store and stay fresh longer made it the ideal food for American
whalers and mariners to carry on their voyages to prevent scurvy. In
1810, Captain Henry Hall became the first to successfully cultivate
cranberries. By 1871, the first association of cranberry growers in the
United States had formed, and now, U.S. farmers harvest approximately
40,000 acres of cranberries each year.
Contrary to popular belief, cranberries do not grow in water. They are
grown on sandy bogs or marshes. Because cranberries float, some bogs are
flooded when the fruit is ready for harvesting giving the allusion to
those who pass by at harvest time?
Cranberries contain bacteria-blocking compounds that are believed to be
helpful in preventing urinary tract infections, and scientists now think
this same function may be useful in blocking the bacteria responsible
for ulcers and certain oral bacteria that can lead to gum disease.
Current research indicates that approximately 10 ounces of cranberry
juice cocktail is needed daily to achieve the bacteria-blocking benefits
that ward off UTIs, ulcers and gum disease. You can get these benefits
in an array of cranberry products. For round-the-clock protection, snack
or cook with one of these products at least once a day. Chopped
cranberries with whole orange or tangerine make for a great food relish
for fish or chicken or any salad.
The health-promoting properties of cranberries have been
based on folkloric remedies, which have existed for centuries. The
healthy giving properties of this fruit were recognized by Native
American Indians, and early New England sailors are said to have eaten
the vitamin C-rich wild cranberries to prevent scurvy. Recent studies
confirm the idea that cranberries and cranberry products are beneficial
to health.
Anti-cancer - In 1996 laboratory studies conducted by University
of Illinois scientists and published in Planta Medica demonstrated the
potential anticarcinogenic properties of cranberries. More recently
researchers at the University of Western Ontario demonstrated, using an
animal model, that human breast cancer cells showed significantly lower
incidence of tumor development when the experimental group's diet was
supplemented with cranberries. Although these results are very
preliminary, compounds in cranberries may prove to be a potent cancer
fighter.
Flavonoids have been shown to function as potent antioxidants
both in vitro and in vivo and may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
Cranberries contain significant amounts of flavonoids and polyphenolic
compounds that have been demonstrated to inhibit low density lipoprotein
oxidation. Ongoing research continues to suggest that cranberries may
offer a natural defense against atherosclerosis.
Peptic ulcers are increasingly being attributed to infection by
Helicobacter pylori bacteria, as opposed to stress and/or stomach
acidity. A high-molecular-weight nondialysable constituent of cranberry
juice has been shown to inhibit the adhesion of H. pylori to human
gastric mucus in vitro. These preliminary results suggest that
cranberry may be beneficial in the prevention of peptic ulcers through
the inhibition of H. pylori adhesion to gastric mucus and stomach
epithelium.
Fresh cranberries are available in stores mid-September through
December. They are most abundant during peak harvest season-October and
November. Cranberries may be stored in the refrigerator for up to four
weeks. Before using, sort and rinse cranberries in running water. Buy
fresh cranberries in season and freeze them to enjoy them all year long.
To freeze fresh cranberries, double wrap them in plastic without
washing. When using frozen cranberries in your recipes or formulas, no
thawing is necessary. In fact, best results are obtained without
thawing.
Most of the world's cranberries are cultivated on 39,000 acres in just
five states: Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Oregon and
Washington. Another 8,000 acres are cultivated in the provinces of
British Columbia and Quebec, Canada. Delaware, Maine, Michigan, New
York, Rhode Island, as well as the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, Ontario and Price Edward Island also produce cranberries.
Recently, cranberries have been produced in Chile, South America. Of the
approximately 1,000 cranberry growers in North America, 500 are in
Massachusetts. Approximately 70 percent of these growers are small
family farms with less than 20 acres of bog.
One of our favorite ways of eating cranberries, beside cranberry/orange
sauce is cranberry bread. I am sharing our recipe?
Cranberry Whole Wheat Bread
1 Loaf
Ingredients:
1/2 C. Butter or virgin Olive Oil
1 Tbs. Grated Orange Peel
3 Large Eggs, Beaten
1 1/2 C. All purpose flour
1 C. finely ground Whole Wheat Flour
1 tsp. Baking Soda
2 C. Fresh or Frozen (thawed and drained) Chopped Cranberries
1 C. Sugar
1tsp. Vanilla
3/4 C. Buttermilk
1/4 Tsp. sea Salt
3/4 ? 1 C. Pecans, Chopped (We like lots of nuts)
Preheat oven to 350? at an altitude such as ours (5000) bake at 375?.
Spray bottom only of 9" X 5" loaf pan with Olive Oil spray. Beat butter,
sugar or Olive Oil, orange peel and vanilla in a large bowl until light
and fluffy. Add eggs, mixing well. Combine flour, baking soda and salt,
add to creamed mixture alternately with buttermilk, beating at low speed
just until blended. Fold cranberries and nuts into batter. Turn into
prepared pan, spreading evenly. Bake until wooden pick inserted in
center comes out clean, about 50 to 60 minutes. Cool slightly in pan.
Remove from pan and cool completely on wire rack.
Lena
NOTE:
Sadly food
alone cannot yield all the necessary healthy nutrients - especially
balance of minerals - as they did in centuries past. BUT this one
is close to a perfect prevention food! But we can't rely
totally on our food intake! Because of the lack of nutrients in our
soils and the pollutants added in the form of air pollution, pesticides,
herbicides and fertilizers important nutrients are almost nonexistent
and we know the body is not capable of producing minerals with even the
healthiest of diets, as it can vitamins, and must be obtained from our
foods or daily supplemented...
Click Here to understand why minerals are so important to your
body's health!
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
HEALTH TODAY
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Did
Americans get any healthier over past decade?
By MIKE STOBBE
ATLANTA (AP) - About 10 years ago the government set some lofty
health goals for the nation to reach by 2010.
So how did we do? By many measures, not so hot. There are more
obese Americans than a decade ago, not fewer. We eat more salt
and fat, not less. More of us have high blood pressure. More of
our children have untreated tooth decay.
But the nation has made at least some progress on many other
goals. Vaccination rates improved. Most workplace injuries are
down. And deaths rates from stroke, cancer and heart disease are
slowly dropping.
As we move into a new decade, the government is analyzing how
well the nation met the 2010 goals and drawing up a new set of
goals for 2020 expected to be more numerous and - perhaps - less
ambitious.
"We need to strike a balance of setting targets that are
achievable and also ask the country to reach," said Dr. Howard
Koh, the federal health official who oversees the Healthy People
project. "That's a balance that's sometimes a challenge to
strike."
The Healthy People objectives were first created in the late
1970s to set an agenda for getting Americans to live longer,
healthier lives. It was also an attempt to involve the public
and emphasize that many health problems are preventable.
Every 10 years, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
reassesses the goals, and reports on progress made in the
previous decade.
Many call the effort a success. The report has been imitated by
states and other nations. Because of its importance within
public health circles, interest groups jockey to add their goals
to the document, which is expanding to more than 1,000 targets.
And health agency workers have Healthy People goals memorized.
"It is something that we think about all the time," said Dr.
Lance Rodewald, a vaccination expert at the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
But after more than 30 years, the goals aren't well known to the
public and only a modest number have been met.
About 41 percent of the 1990 measurable goals were achieved. For
the 2000 goals, it was just 24 percent.
As for the 2010 goals, data is still being collected, and a
final report is not due out until 2011. But it looks like the
results will be in the neighborhood of 20 percent, according to
a preliminary analysis by the CDC's National Center for Health
Statistics.
The CDC analysis done this fall found that just 18 percent of
those goals have been met so far. Worse, the nation actually
retreated from about 23 percent of the goals.
One example: Healthy People 2010 called for the percentage of
adults who are obese to drop to 15 percent. That goal was set at
a time when nearly a quarter of all adults were obese. Now,
about 34 percent of adults are obese, according to the latest
federal statistics.
Some other backslides:
_An estimated 28 percent of adults had high blood pressure in
2000. The goal was to reduce that to 16 percent. But the most
recent government data say the proportion has risen to 29
percent.
_About 16 percent of young children had untreated tooth decay in
2000. The target was 9 percent. The latest statistic is about 20
percent.
_The proportion of births by cesarean section increased despite
a 2010 goal of lowering them, and the percentage of infants born
very small and fragile also increased.
The nation has had better luck raising childhood vaccination
rates, lowering cancer death rates, increasing smoking laws and
reducing most types of work injuries.
To many health officials, simply making progress is a victory.
An analysis of 635 of the nearly 1,000 targets for the past
decade shows only 117 goals have been met. But progress was made
toward another 332. In other words, there was improvement in 70
percent of the measures.
"That's evidence of a healthier nation," Koh said.
The Healthy People effort could be better if it included more
information about how to reach the goals, and how much it would
cost, said David Holtgrave, a health policy expert at Johns
Hopkins University.
The program lays out the goals, but looks to others - and the
public - to find ways to achieve them. Healthy People does not
provide funding to meet the goals, either.
"It's all carrot and no stick," said Dr. Richard Riegelman,
founding dean of the George Washington University School of
Public Health, who has been part of the Healthy People planning.
Right now, health officials are developing goals for 2020. The
details are far from settled, but an advisory panel of experts
has recommended that the new goals be more realistic. They also
hope to make it more inviting to the public.
In the past, Healthy People reports have been released as a book
the size of a James Michener epic.
"They have a lot of good information. They can also give you a
backache," said Dr. Jonathan Fielding, director of the Los
Angeles County Department of Public Health who heads a committee
working on the new goals.
He and others are pushing for Healthy People 2020 to be an
online document that links to Web sites and sources for
nutrition and exercise advice and other ways people can improve
their own health.
"We want to make 2020 a blueprint everyone can rally behind,"
Fielding said.
Healthy People:
http://www.healthypeople.gov/
^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
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Feds mull regulating drugs in
water
By JEFF DONN
Federal regulators under President Barack Obama have sharply shifted
course on long-standing policy toward pharmaceutical residues in the
nation's drinking water, taking a critical first step toward regulating
some of the contaminants while acknowledging they could threaten human
health.
A burst of significant announcements in recent weeks reflects an
expanded government effort to deal with pharmaceuticals as environmental
pollutants:
- For the first time, the Environmental Protection Agency has listed
some pharmaceuticals as candidates for regulation in drinking water. The
agency also has launched a survey to check for scores of drugs at water
treatment plants across the nation.
- The Food and Drug Administration has updated its list of waste drugs
that should be flushed down the toilet, but the agency has also declared
a goal of working toward the return of all unused medicines.
- The National Toxicology Program is conducting research to clarify how
human health may be harmed by drugs at low environmental levels.
The Associated Press reported last year that the drinking water of at
least 51 million Americans contains minute concentrations of a multitude
of drugs. Water utilities, replying to an AP questionnaire, acknowledged
the presence of antibiotics, sedatives, sex hormones and dozens of other
drugs in their supplies.
The news reports stirred congressional hearings and legislation, more
water testing and more disclosure of test results. For example, an
Illinois law goes into effect Jan. 1 banning health care institutions
from flushing unused medicine into wastewater systems.
The EPA's new study will look for 200 chemical and microbial
contaminants at 50 plants that treat drinking water. The list includes
125 pharmaceuticals or related chemicals. This research will help
federal water officials decide if regulations are needed.
In the first move toward possible drinking-water standards, the EPA has
put 13 pharmaceuticals on what it calls the Contaminant Candidate List.
They are mostly sex hormones, but include the antibiotic erythromycin
and three chemicals used as drugs but better known for other uses.
They join a list of 104 chemical and 12 microbial contaminants that the
EPA is considering as candidates for regulation under the Safe Drinking
Water Act. No pharmaceutical has ever reached the list in its 12-year
history, but medicines now make up 13 percent of the target chemicals on
the latest list "based on their potential adverse health effects and
potential for occurrence in public water systems," the EPA said.
They take a place beside such better-known contaminants as the metal
cobalt, formaldehyde, the rocket fuel ingredient perchlorate, and the
disease germ E. coli.
"I think this does signal a change in the regulatory and research
approaches," said Conrad Volz, a University of Pittsburgh scientist
whose research raises questions about the risk of eating fish from
waters contaminated with sex hormones. "What's happening is pretty
amazing."
Several scientists within and outside government tied the stronger focus
on human health to the Obama administration and the president's
appointment of Lisa Jackson, a highly regarded former head of the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, to run the EPA.
"I think we are trying to be as aggressive as we can. We understand it's
a major national issue. We understand it's a major public concern," said
Peter Silva, the new water administrator at the EPA.
However, making the candidate list provides no assurance that a chemical
will reach full-blown regulation. In fact, no chemical on the list has
ever been made subject to a national water quality standard, EPA
officials acknowledge. They intend to make preliminary decisions on some
of the latest contaminants by mid-2012.
"They've made a lot of good first steps, so now were waiting to see
those carried through," said Nneka Leiba, a researcher at the
Environmental Working Group in Washington.
Water utilities and drug makers are wary of the federal moves. Difficult
scientific questions remain over the possible threat posed to humans by
minuscule concentrations in drinking water, where drugs are typically
found in parts per billion or trillion. That's way below medical doses.
However, some researchers fear that very small daily amounts of unwanted
drugs in water could do cumulative harm to people over decades, possibly
in combination with other drugs or in sensitive populations like
children or pregnant women.
Alan Goldhammer, a vice president of the Pharmaceutical Research and
Manufacturers of America, said such trace amounts "really do not pose a
human health issue."
"We do get concerned if we think that somebody is going to require that
the consumers spend money and not get any health benefit," added Tom
Curtis, a lobbyist for the Denver-based American Water Works
Association.
The U.S. Geological Survey first began taking notice of pharmaceutical
contamination several years ago. But until now the federal government
has focused on the presence of pharmaceuticals in rivers and streams.
A recently released EPA study found more than 40 pharmaceuticals -
everything from antibiotics to heart medicine to antidepressants - at
nine publicly owned wastewater treatment plants. The drugs appeared in
concentrations measured in parts per billion and trillion. Many passed
right through the plants.
Linda Birnbaum, who is director of the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences and also oversees the National Toxicology
Program, said some program research is focusing on how much
environmental pharmaceuticals can reach animal blood and tissues and how
that might compare with humans.
Waste pharmaceuticals reach the environment when people take medicine
and excrete the unmetabolized portion. Millions of pounds of waste drugs
also escape into waterways from hospitals, drug plants and other
factories, farms and the drains of American homes, the AP has reported.
On its new list, the FDA, which regulates medicines, says only 10 active
ingredients in controlled-substance drugs need to be flushed to keep
them away from children, abusers and pets.
At the same time, the agency announced it is working with partners to
develop programs to return unused drugs instead of flushing them down
the drain. The agency wants "to encourage their development and future
use for all drugs," declared Dr. Douglas Throckmorton, deputy director
of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Returned drugs are
usually incinerated, which destroys most active ingredients. Community
drug takeback programs have increased considerably since the AP's
PharmaWater reports.
The recent announcements have been striking in their speed and breadth.
Just last year, Ben Grumbles, Silva's predecessor at the EPA Office of
Water under President George W. Bush, said only one pharmaceutical was
under consideration for the list of candidates for water standards. And
it was the heart medicine nitroglycerin, better known as an explosive.
Yet some environmentalists say the government should take even bolder
action. "Identifying the nature and scope of the problem is not the
same thing as addressing the causes of the problem," said George
Mannina, an environmental lawyer in Washington.
He said the EPA should do more to keep drugs out of the nation's water
supplies and not rely on expensive filtering systems at water treatment
plants.
Jon Holder, a vice president at Vestara, a seller of equipment to manage
waste drugs, said the EPA should be more aggressive about enforcing
hazardous waste laws that already apply to some drugs used by hospitals.
"We applaud the light that's being shined on it, but we also recognize
that the simple enforcement of existing law would go a long way," he
said.
EPA
Contaminant Candidate List
FDA Flush List
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